In this final article of our tax reform series, we examine how indirect fees have quietly become Syria’s fiscal backbone at a steep social cost.

As direct taxes collapsed, Syria’s reliance on indirect fees surged, often at the expense of the poor.

From 2010 to 2024, the share of government revenue from indirect fees more than doubled (from 7% to 16%.)

Key drivers:

Stamp duties averaged 12% of indirect fee revenue.

Customs duties made up a quarter, but widespread evasion cost Syria tens of millions.

Consular fees soared, growing from 5% to 25% of forecast revenues, with charges up to $800 per passport.

These fees are easy to enforce but deeply regressive.

Can Syria build a system that is fair, transparent, and growth-oriented? We might find out soon.

Read the full article. 

Subscribe.